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GSE37546
Mus musculus
20 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase (MCAD) catalyzes crucial steps in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, a process that is of key relevance for maintenance of energy homeostasis, especially during high metabolic demand. To gain insight into the metabolic consequences of MCAD deficiency under these conditions, we compared hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in vivo in wild-type and MCAD-/- mice during fasting and during a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute phase response (APR). MCAD-/- mice did not become more hypoglycemic on fasting or during the APR than wild-type mice did. Nevertheless, microarray analyses revealed increased hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1a (Pgc-1a) and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Ppar a) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4) expression in MCAD-/- mice in both conditions,suggesting altered control of hepatic glucose metabolism. Quantitative flux measurements revealed that the de novo synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) was not affected on fasting in MCAD-/- mice. During the APR, however, this flux was significantly decreased (-20%) in MCAD-/- mice compared with wild-type mice. Remarkably, newly formed G6P was preferentially directed toward glycogen in MCAD-/- mice under both conditions. Together with diminished de novo synthesis of G6P, this led to a decreased hepatic glucose output during the APR in MCAD-/- mice; de novo synthesis of G6P and hepatic glucose output were maintained in wild-type mice under both conditions. APR-associated hypoglycemia, which was observed in wild-type mice as well as MCAD-/- mice, was mainly due to enhanced peripheral glucose uptake. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that MCAD deficiency in mice leads to specific changes in hepatic carbohydrate management on exposure to metabolic stress. This deficiency, however, does not lead to reduced de novo synthesis of G6P during fasting alone, which may be due to the existence of compensatory mechanisms or limited rate control of MCAD in murine mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.
Publication Title
Disturbed hepatic carbohydrate management during high metabolic demand in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)-deficient mice.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 4 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.1 ST Array (mogene11st)
Description
Acetate, propionate and butyrate are the main short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that arise from the fermentation of fibers by the colonic microbiota. While many studies focus on the regulatory role of SCFAs, their quantitative role as a catabolic or anabolic substrate for the host has received relatively little attention. To investigate this aspect, we infused conscious mice with physiological quantities of stable isotopes [1-13C]acetate, [2-13C]propionate or [2,4-13C2]butyrate directly into the cecum, which is the natural production site in mice, and analyzed their interconversion by the microbiota as well as their metabolism by the host. Cecal interconversion - pointing to microbial cross-feeding - was high between acetate and butyrate, low between butyrate and propionate and almost absent between acetate and propionate. As much as 62% of infused propionate was used in whole-body glucose production, in line with its role as gluconeogenic substrate. Conversely, glucose synthesis from propionate accounted for 69% of total glucose production. The synthesis of palmitate and cholesterol in the liver was high from cecal acetate (2.8% and 0.7%, respectively) and butyrate (2.7% and 0.9%, respectively) as substrates, but low or absent from propionate (0.6% and 0.0%, respectively). Label incorporation due to chain elongation of stearate was approximately 8-fold higher than de novo synthesis of stearate. Microarray data suggested that SCFAs exert only a mild regulatory effect on the expression of genes involved in hepatic metabolic pathways during the 6h infusion period. Altogether, gut-derived acetate, propionate and butyrate play important roles as substrates for glucose, cholesterol and lipid metabolism.
Publication Title
Gut-derived short-chain fatty acids are vividly assimilated into host carbohydrates and lipids.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Rattus norvegicus
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Rat Gene 1.1 ST Array (ragene11st)
Description
Severe malnutrition in young children is associated with signs of hepatic dysfunction such as steatosis and hypoalbuminemia, but its etiology is unknown. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of hepatic dysfunction we used a rat model of malnutrition by placing weanling rats on a low protein or control diet (5% or 20% of calories from protein, respectively) for four weeks. Low protein diet-fed rats developed hypoalbuminemia and severe hepatic steatosis, consistent with the human phenotype. Hepatic peroxisome content was decreased and metabolomic analysis indicated impaired peroxisomal function. Loss of peroxisomes was followed by accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and decreased hepatic ATP levels. Fenofibrate supplementation restored hepatic peroxisome abundance and increased mitochondrial fatty acid -oxidation capacity, resulting in reduced steatosis and normalization of ATP and plasma albumin levels. These findings provide important insight into the metabolic
Publication Title
Malnutrition-associated liver steatosis and ATP depletion is caused by peroxisomal and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 135 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Expression data were generated on 136 subjects from the COPDGene study using Affymetrix microarrays. Multiple linear regression with adjustment for covariates (gender, age, body mass index, family history, smoking status, pack years) was used to identify candidate genes and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify candidate pathways.
Publication Title
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 52 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
Large numbers of ribonucleotides are incorporated into the eukaryotic nuclear genome during S-phase due to imperfect discrimination against ribonucleoside triphosphates by the replicative DNA polymerases. Ribonucleotides, by far the most common DNA lesion in replicating cells, destabilize the DNA, and an evolutionarily conserved DNA repair machinery, ribonucleotide excision repair (RER), ensures ribonucleotide removal. Complete lack of RER is embryonically lethal. Partial loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding subunits of RNase H2, the enzyme essential for initiation of RER, cause the SLE-related type I interferonopathy Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Here we establish that selective inactivation of RER in mouse epidermis results in spontaneous DNA damage, epidermal hyperproliferation associated with loss of hair follicle stem cells and hair follicle function. The animals develop keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma with complete penetrance, despite potent type I interferon production and skin inflammation. Compromised RER-mediated genome maintenance might represent an important tumor-promoting principle in human cancer. Overall design: CD45+ CD49f- cells were were isolated from skin cell suspensions by FACS. Total RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Micro Kit+ (Qiagen). mRNA libraries were prepared using a SMART protocol and subjected to deep sequencing on an Illumina®HiSeq 2500.
Publication Title
Ribonucleotide Excision Repair Is Essential to Prevent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
Large numbers of ribonucleotides are incorporated into the eukaryotic nuclear genome during S-phase due to imperfect discrimination against ribonucleoside triphosphates by the replicative DNA polymerases. Ribonucleotides, by far the most common DNA lesion in replicating cells, destabilize the DNA, and an evolutionarily conserved DNA repair machinery, ribonucleotide excision repair (RER), ensures ribonucleotide removal. Complete lack of RER is embryonically lethal. Partial loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding subunits of RNase H2, the enzyme essential for initiation of RER, cause the SLE-related type I interferonopathy Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Here we establish that selective inactivation of RER in mouse epidermis results in spontaneous DNA damage, epidermal hyperproliferation associated with loss of hair follicle stem cells and hair follicle function. The animals develop keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma with complete penetrance, despite potent type I interferon production and skin inflammation. Compromised RER-mediated genome maintenance might represent an important tumor-promoting principle in human cancer. Overall design: Keratinocytes (CD49f+) cells were isolated from skin cell suspensions by FACS. Total RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Mini Kit+ (Qiagen). mRNA libraries were prepared and subjected to deep sequencing on an Illumina®HiSeq.
Publication Title
Ribonucleotide Excision Repair Is Essential to Prevent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 140 Downloadable Samples
- NextSeq 550
Description
DNA is strictly compartmentalised within the nucleus to prevent autoimmunity despite this cGAS, a cytosolic sensor of dsDNA, is activated in autoinflammatory disorders and by DNA damage. Precisely how cellular DNA gains access to the cytoplasm remains to be determined. Here, we report that cGAS localises to micronuclei arising from genome instability in a model of monogenic autoinflammation, after exogenous DNA damage and spontaneously in human cancer cells. These micronuclei occur after mis-segregation of DNA during cell division and consist of chromatin surrounded by their own nuclear membrane. Breakdown of the micronuclear envelope, a process associated with chromothripsis, leads to rapid accumulation of cGAS, providing a mechanism by which self-DNA becomes exposed to the cytosol. cGAS binds to and is activated by chromatin and consistent with a mitotic origin, micronuclei formation and the proinflammatory response following DNA-damage are cell-cycle dependent. Furthermore, by combining live-cell laser microdissection with single cell transcriptomics, we establish that induction of interferon stimulated gene expression occurs in micronucleated cells. We therefore conclude that micronuclei represent an important source of immunostimulatory DNA. As micronuclei formed from lagging chromosomes also activate this pathway, cGAS recognition of micronuclei may act as a cell-intrinsic immune surveillance mechanism detecting a range of neoplasia-inducing processes. Overall design: RNA-seq of 35 individual mouse embryonic fibroblasts 48 h after 1 Gy irradiation: 21 test (with micronuclei) and 14 controls (without micronuclei).
Publication Title
cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 290 Downloadable Samples
- IlluminaHiSeq2500
Description
We report RNA-sequencing data of 283 blood platelet samples, including 228 tumor-educated platelet (TEP) samples collected from patients with six different malignant tumors (non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, breast cancer and hepatobiliary carcinomas). In addition, we report RNA-sequencing data of blood platelets isolated from 55 healthy individuals. This dataset highlights the ability of TEP RNA-based ''liquid biopsies'' in patients with several types with cancer, including the ability for pan-cancer, multiclass cancer and companion diagnostics. Overall design: Blood platelets were isolated from whole blood in purple-cap BD Vacutainers containing EDTA anti-coagulant by standard centrifugation. Total RNA was extracted from the platelet pellet, subjected to cDNA synthesis and SMARTer amplification, fragmented by Covaris shearing, and prepared for sequencing using the Truseq Nano DNA Sample Preparation Kit. Subsequently, pooled sample libraries were sequenced on the Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. All steps were quality-controlled using Bioanalyzer 2100 with RNA 6000 Picochip, DNA 7500 and DNA High Sensitivity chips measurements. For further downstream analyses, reads were quality-controlled using Trimmomatic, mapped to the human reference genome using STAR, and intron-spanning reads were summarized using HTseq. The processed data includes 285 samples (columns) and 57736 ensemble gene ids (rows). The supplementary data file (TEP_data_matrix.txt) contains the intron-spanning read counts, after data summarization by HTseq.
Publication Title
RNA-Seq of Tumor-Educated Platelets Enables Blood-Based Pan-Cancer, Multiclass, and Molecular Pathway Cancer Diagnostics.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 3 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HumanRef-8 v3.0 expression beadchip
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
MicroRNA-155 negatively affects blood-brain barrier function during neuroinflammation.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Time
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 3 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HumanRef-8 v3.0 expression beadchip
Description
Over-expression of miR-155 induces changes in the pattern of gene expression of hCMEC/D3 cells. hypothesis tested in the present study was that miR-155 constitute an important regulatory control of the brain endothelial response to inflammatory cytokines.
Publication Title
MicroRNA-155 negatively affects blood-brain barrier function during neuroinflammation.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment
View Samples