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GSE2739
Rattus norvegicus
9 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Rat Genome U34 Array (rgu34a)
Description
In hypertension, abnormal regulation of microcirculation and endothelial dysfunction enhances vulnerability to hypertensive brain damage. In addition to lowering blood pressure, blockade of Angiotensin II AT1 receptors protects against stroke and stress in different animal models and this treatment may be of therapeutic advantage. We studied gene expression using Affymetrix Rat Genome U34A arrays from brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive Wistar Kyoto controls (WKY) rats treated with an AT1 antagonist (candesartan, 0.3 mg/kg/day) or vehicle via osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks.
Publication Title
AT1 receptor blockade regulates the local angiotensin II system in cerebral microvessels from spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina mouse-6 v1.1 expression beadchip
Description
We demonstrate that Prnp dosage is critical for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis since both its absence and, more relevantly, its overexpression induce higher sensitivity to kainate (KA) damage. These data correlate with electrophysiological results in freely behaving mutant mice showing an imbalance in activity-dependent synaptic processes, as determined from input/output curves, paired-pulse facilitation, and LTP studies. Gene expression profiling showed that 129 genes involved in canonical pathways such as Ubiquitination or Neurotransmission among others were co-regulated in knockout and PrPc overexpressing mice. RT-qPCR analysis of neurotransmission-related genes confirmed GABA-A and AMPA-Kainate receptor subunit transcriptional co-regulation in both Prnp -/- and Tg20 mice. Our results demonstrate that PrPc is necessary for the proper homeostatic functioning of hippocampal circuits, because of its interactions with GABAA and AMPA-Kainate receptors.
Publication Title
Regulation of GABA(A) and glutamate receptor expression, synaptic facilitation and long-term potentiation in the hippocampus of prion mutant mice.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 39 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array (hgu133a)
Description
The cellular origin of Ewing tumor (ET), a tumor of bone or soft tissues characterized by specific fusions between EWS and ETS genes, is highly debated. Through gene expression analysis comparing ETs with a variety of normal tissues, we show that the profiles of different EWS-FLI1-silenced Ewing cell lines converge toward that of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Moreover, upon EWS-FLI1 silencing, two different Ewing cell lines can differentiate along the adipogenic lineage when incubated in appropriate differentiation cocktails. In addition, Ewing cells can also differentiate along the osteogenic lineage upon long-term inhibition of EWS-FLI1. These in silico and experimental data strongly suggest that the inhibition of EWS-FLI1 may allow Ewing cells to recover the phenotype of their MSC progenitor.
Publication Title
Mesenchymal stem cell features of Ewing tumors.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 18 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array (mogene10st)
Description
The reprogramming of fibroblast cells to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells raises the possibility that a somatic cell could be reprogrammed to an alternative differentiated fate without first becoming a stem/progenitor cell. A large pool of fibroblast cells exists in the post-natal heart, yet no single master regulator of direct cardiac reprogramming has been identified. Here, we report that a combination of three developmental transcription factors (i.e., Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5) rapidly and efficiently reprogrammed post-natal cardiac or tail-tip fibroblasts directly into differentiated cardiomyocyte-like cells. Induced cardiomyocytes expressed cardiac-specific markers, had a global gene expression profile similar to cardiomyocytes, and contracted spontaneously. Fibroblast cells transplanted into mouse hearts one day after transduction of the three factors also differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells. These findings demonstrate that functional cardiomyocytes can be directly reprogrammed from differentiated somatic cells by defined factors. Reprogramming of endogenous or explanted fibroblast cells might provide a source of cardiomyocytes for regenerative approaches.
Publication Title
Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by defined factors.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 50 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array (mogene20st)
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
Distinct cachexia profiles in response to human pancreatic tumours in mouse limb and respiratory muscle.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 50 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array (mogene20st)
Description
Background: Cancer cachexia is a life-threatening metabolic syndrome that causes significant loss of skeletal muscle mass and significantly increases mortality in cancer patients. Currently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of this disease, so that effective therapies can be developed. Almost all pre-clinical studies evaluating skeletal muscle’s response to cancer have focused on one or two pre-clinical models, and almost all have focused specifically on limb muscles. In the current study, we reveal key differences in the histology and transcriptomic signatures of a limb muscle and a respiratory muscle in orthotopic pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice. Methods: To create the four cohorts of PDX mice evaluated in this study, tumors resected from four pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients were portioned and attached to the pancreas of immunodeficient NSG mice. Results: Body weight, muscle mass, and fat mass were significantly decreased in each PDX line. Histological assessment of cryosections taken from the tibialis anterior (TA) and diaphragm (DIA) revealed differential effects of tumor-burden on their morphology. Subsequent genome-wide microarray analysis on TA and DIA revealed key differences between their transcriptomes in response to cancer as well. Indeed, upregulated genes in the diaphragm were enriched for extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-encoding genes and genes related to the inflammatory response, and downregulated genes were enriched for mitochondria related protein-encoding genes. Conversely, the TA showed upregulation of canonical atrophy-associated pathways such as ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation and apoptosis and enrichment of downregulated genes encoding ECM proteins. Conclusions: These data suggest that distinct biological processes account for wasting in different skeletal muscles in response to the same tumor burden. Further investigation into these differences will be critical for the future development of effective clinical strategies to counter cancer cachexia.
Publication Title
Distinct cachexia profiles in response to human pancreatic tumours in mouse limb and respiratory muscle.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 9 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array (mogene10st)
Description
Adult-onset diseases can be associated with in utero events, but mechanisms for such temporally distant dysregulation of organ function remain unknown. The polycomb histone methyltransferase, Ezh2, stabilizes transcription by depositing repressive histone marks during development that persist into adulthood, but the function of Ezh2-mediated transcriptional stability in postnatal organ homeostasis is not understood. Here, we show that Ezh2 stabilizes the postnatal cardiac gene expression program and prevents cardiac pathology, primarily by repressing the homeodomain transcription factor Six1 in differentiating cardiac progenitors. Loss of Ezh2 in embryonic cardiac progenitors, but not in differentiated cardiomyocytes, resulted in postnatal cardiac pathology, including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Loss of Ezh2 caused broad derepression of skeletal muscle genes, including the homeodomain transcription factor Six1, which is expressed in cardiac progenitors but is normally silenced upon cardiac differentiation. Many of the deregulated genes are direct Six1 targets, implying a critical requirement for stable repression of Six1 in cardiac myocytes. Indeed, upon de-repression, Six1 promotes cardiac pathology, as it was sufficient to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, genetic reduction of Six1 levels almost completely rescued the pathology of Ezh2-deficient hearts. Thus, repression of a single transcription factor in cardiac progenitors by Ezh2 is essential for stability of the adult heart gene expression program and homeostasis. Our results suggest that epigenetic dysregulation during discrete developmental windows can predispose to adult disease and dysregulated stress responses.
Publication Title
Epigenetic repression of cardiac progenitor gene expression by Ezh2 is required for postnatal cardiac homeostasis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 16 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HumanWG-6 v3.0 expression beadchip
Description
Immortalized colonic epithelial progenitor cells derived from normal human colon biopsies express stem cell markers and differentiate in vitro
Publication Title
Immortalized epithelial cells derived from human colon biopsies express stem cell markers and differentiate in vitro.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
NextSeq 500
Description
Purpose: The goal of this study is to compare the transcriptional phenotype of lymphoid and kidney-infiltrating T cell populations in the setting of systemic inflammatory disease to determine how tissue location alters their phenotype. Methods: mRNA profiles of T cells isolated from 23-week-old nephritic (protein score of 3+ on dipstick) mice were used in this study. T cells were isolated by flow cytometry gated on CD45+Thy1.1+CD44+ and either CD4 or CD8+ T cells. RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (Qiagen). Samples were sequenced using Illumina NextSeq 500 with 75bp paired-end reads and aligned to the mm10 genome using the STAR aligner. The number of uniquely aligned reads ranged from 10 to 12 million. Using an optimized data analysis workflow, Gene-level counts were determined using featureCounts and raw counts were analyzed for differential expression using the “voom” method in the “limma” R package. Results: After determining genes that were differentially expressed between splenic T cells and KIT, we performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA. Differentially expressed genes were compared to several previously defined gene signatures that are characteristic of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell exhaustion in the chronic LCMV infection model and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Genes from the CD8+ exhaustion cluster were significantly enriched among genes that were differentially expressed in CD8+ KITs vs CD8+ splenocytes. Overall design: mRNA profiles of CD4 and CD8 T cells from spleen and kidney of 23 week old wild MRL/lpr mice were generated in triplicate by sequencing using Illumina NextSeq 500
Publication Title
Kidney-infiltrating T cells in murine lupus nephritis are metabolically and functionally exhausted.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a versatile transcriptional regulator required for embryogenesis, but its function in vascular development or in diseases with a vascular component is poorly understood. Here, we found that endothelial Ctcf is essential for mouse vascular development and limits accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conditional knockout of Ctcf in endothelial progenitors and their descendants affected embryonic growth, and caused lethality at embryonic day 10.5 owing to defective yolk sac and placental vascular development. Analysis of global gene expression revealed Frataxin (Fxn), the gene mutated in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), as the most strongly downregulated gene in Ctcfdeficient placental endothelial cells. Moreover, in vitro reporter assays showed that Ctcf activates the Fxn promoter in endothelial cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to accumulate in the endothelium of FRDA patients. Importantly, Ctcf deficiency induced ROS-mediated DNA damage in endothelial cells in vitro, and in placental endothelium in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that, Ctcf promotes vascular development, and limits oxidative stress in endothelial cells, perhaps through activation of Fxn transcription. These results reveal a function for a Ctcf–Fxn transcriptional pathway in vascular development, and also suggest a potential mechanism for endothelial dysfunction in FRDA. Overall design: Examination of transcriptome profiles of placental endothelial cells isolated from wildtype or ctcf defecient endothelial cells at E9.5
Publication Title
The transcriptional regulator CCCTC-binding factor limits oxidative stress in endothelial cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples