These colorectal cancer (CRC) samples have been analyzed by exon expression profiling to identify genes with overexpression of 3 parts. By characterizing underlying transcript structures of such genes with a combination of rapid amplification of cDNA ends and deep-sequencing (RACE-seq), we identify and describe novel RNA-variants in CRC.
Novel RNA variants in colorectal cancers.
Specimen part
View SamplesTestosterone is necessary for the development of male pattern baldness, known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA); yet the mechanisms for decreased hair growth in this disorder are unclear. Here, we show that prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) is elevated at the mRNA and protein levels in bald scalp compared to haired scalp of men with AGA. The product of PTGDS enzyme activity, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), is similarly elevated in bald scalp. During normal follicle cycling in mice Ptgds and PGD2 levels increase immediately preceding the regression phase, suggesting an inhibitory effect on hair growth. We show that PGD2 inhibits hair growth in explanted human hair follicles and when applied topically to mice. Hair growth inhibition requires the PGD2 receptor G protein-coupled receptor 44 (GPR44), but not the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1(PTGDR). Furthermore, we find that a transgenic mouse, K14-Ptgs2, which targets prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 expression to the skin, demonstrates elevated levels of PGD2 in the skin and develops alopecia, follicular miniaturization and sebaceous gland hyperplasia, which are all hallmarks of human AGA. These results define PGD2 as an inhibitor of hair growth in AGA and suggest the PGD2-GPR44 pathway as a potential target for treatment.
Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesWe synthesized the PAX8-NFE2L2 fusion transcript and cloned it into a lentiviral vector, and used this to overexpress it in the murine prostate adenocarcinoma cell line TRAMP-C1. Overall design: We used high coverage RNA sequencing (>30 million reads per sample) to compare the expression profiles of cells expressing the PAX8-NFE2L2 fusion transcript to cells transduced with an empty vector.
Global analysis of somatic structural genomic alterations and their impact on gene expression in diverse human cancers.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Generation of isogenic pluripotent stem cells differing exclusively at two early onset Parkinson point mutations.
Specimen part
View SamplesPatient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from somatic cells provide a unique tool for the study of human disease in disease relevant cells, as well as a promising source for cell replacement therapies for degenerative diseases. However one of the crucial limitations before realizing the full promise of this disease in a dish approach has been the inability to do controlled experiments under genetically defined conditions. This is particularly relevant for disorders with long latency periods, such as Parkinsons disease (PD), where in vitro phenotypes of patient-derived iPSCs are predicted to be subtle and susceptible to significant epistatic effects of genetic background variations. By combining zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated genome editing and iPSC technology we provide a generally applicable solution to this key problem by generating isogenic pairs of disease and control human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and hiPSCs lines that differ exclusively at a susceptibility variant for PD by modifying a single point mutation (A53T) in the -synuclein gene. The robust capability to genetically correct disease causing point mutations in patient-derived hiPSCs represents not only a significant progress for basic biomedical research but also a major advancement towards hiPSC-based cell replacement therapies using autologous cells.
Generation of isogenic pluripotent stem cells differing exclusively at two early onset Parkinson point mutations.
Specimen part
View SamplesExpression analysis of genes potentially regulated by BMPRII and beta-catenin. BMPRII has been linked as a genetic factor to the disease pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Disruption of PPARγ/β-catenin-mediated regulation of apelin impairs BMP-induced mouse and human pulmonary arterial EC survival.
Specimen part
View SamplesSome of the functions and mechanisms of PPAR?-mediated regulation of vascular homeostasis have been revealed, the potential role of PPAR? in angiogenesis is obscure. In human ECs, PPAR?-deficiency was studied using siRNA strategy and RNA sequencing was utilized to reveal angiogenesis-associated targets for PPARg. Overall design: Our aim is to reveal the possible role of PPARy in angiogenesis.
Loss of PPARγ in endothelial cells leads to impaired angiogenesis.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesDevelopmental transitions can be described in terms of morphology and individual genes expression patterns, but also in terms of global transcriptional and epigenetic changes. Most of the large-scale studies of such transitions, however, have only been possible in synchronized cell culture systems. Here we generate a cell type specific transcriptome of an adult stem-cell lineage in the Arabidopsis leaf using RNA sequencing and microarrays. RNA profiles of stomatal entry, commitment, and differentiating cells, as well as of mature stomata and the entire aerial epidermis give a comprehensive view of the developmental progression.
Transcriptome dynamics of the stomatal lineage: birth, amplification, and termination of a self-renewing population.
Specimen part
View SamplesDevelopmental transitions can be described in terms of morphology and individual genes expression patterns, but also in terms of global transcriptional and epigenetic changes. Most of the large-scale studies of such transitions, however, have only been possible in synchronized cell culture systems. Here we generate a cell type specific transcriptome of an adult stem-cell lineage in the Arabidopsis leaf using RNA sequencing and microarrays. RNA profiles of stomatal entry, commitment, and differentiating cells, as well as of mature stomata and the entire aerial epidermis give a comprehensive view of the developmental progression.
Transcriptome dynamics of the stomatal lineage: birth, amplification, and termination of a self-renewing population.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
BET bromodomains mediate transcriptional pause release in heart failure.
Age, Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples